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HardHatCalc

Blog

Twelve construction guides spanning structural framing, materials and cost breakdowns, and DIY topics like spotting a load-bearing wall. Each guide includes interactive calculators to help you plan your work.

Materials & Costs

Spray Foam vs Fiberglass Insulation

Spray foam vs fiberglass insulation compared on R-value per inch, air sealing, moisture, cost, and lifespan, plus a plain rule for when to pick each one.

7 min read
Materials & Costs

Retaining Wall Cost Guide

How much does a retaining wall cost? Compare installed prices by wall type, the 4-foot rule that triggers an engineer, and DIY-vs-pro savings.

9 min read
Structural Guides

Types of Concrete Mix

Types of concrete mix by grade and job: UK designated mixes (GEN, FND, RC, PAV), US psi bags, and specialty concretes, with the right type for each pour.

7 min read
Materials & Costs

Average Welding Time

Average welding time by joint size and process: arc time versus total job time, with a per-foot reference table for MIG, TIG, and stick fillet welds.

7 min read
Materials & Costs

Deck Building Cost Guide

How much does it cost to build a deck? See US price ranges by size and material, the main cost drivers, DIY-vs-pro savings, and resale payback.

11 min read
Structural Guides

Rebar Sizes Chart

A rebar sizes chart with ASTM A615 diameters, weight per foot, and cross-sectional area for #3 to #18 bars, plus how to read and apply each size.

7 min read
Structural Guides

Lumber Sizes Chart

Lumber sizes nominal vs actual: why a 2x4 measures 1½ by 3½ inches, with a full dressed-size chart in inches and mm and what each board builds.

7 min read
Materials & Costs

Gutter Sizing Guide

Gutter sizing guide: match K-style or half-round profile to roof area and rainfall intensity, then size downspouts and choose a gutter material that lasts.

8 min read
Materials & Costs

Insulation R-Values Explained

Insulation R values explained: what R-value and U-factor mean, how IECC climate zones set minimums, and which materials give the highest R-value per inch.

13 min read
Materials & Costs

Tile Adhesive Types Guide

Tile adhesive types compared: thinset, mastic, and epoxy. Modified vs unmodified, substrate matching, trowel notch, cost, and common failure modes.

9 min read
Materials & Costs

Welding Cost Estimation Guide

Welding cost estimation by process: MIG, TIG, Stick, and flux-core labour rates, consumables, and equipment costs — plus how to price a complete weld job.

9 min read
Structural Guides

Concrete Mix Ratios Explained

Concrete mix ratios by application — footings, slabs, driveways, and posts. What 1:2:3 means, how the water-cement ratio sets strength, and PSI by mix.

13 min read
DIY Tips

Deck Building Materials List

Deck building materials list from footings to railings — pressure-treated lumber, joists, decking, fasteners, and hardware for a ground-up deck build.

17 min read
Materials & Costs

Drywall Estimating Guide

How to estimate drywall sheet by sheet — measuring method, 4x8 vs 4x12 layout, joint compound, tape and screw quantities, and waste factors by room type.

13 min read
Materials & Costs

Paint Coverage Rates Guide

Real paint coverage rates by surface type, paint formula, and roller nap — how primer changes the math and what a gallon actually covers versus the label.

9 min read
Materials & Costs

Roofing Materials Guide

How to calculate roofing materials step by step — measure roof squares, then count shingle bundles, underlayment, flashing, and nails with a waste factor.

10 min read
DIY Tips

Is Your Wall Load-Bearing?

How to tell if wall is load bearing: five visual clues from joist direction, stud stacking, headers, and the load path to check before any demolition.

10 min read
Structural Guides

Steel Beam vs Wood Beam

Steel beam vs wood beam for residential spans: compare load capacity, cost per foot, fire performance, and installation — plus where LVL fits in.

9 min read
Structural Guides

Truss Types & Pricing

Truss types and pricing by span and cost per linear foot: king post, queen post, Fink, Howe, scissor, and attic residential trusses, with how to pick one.

15 min read
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